Modern motion backgrounds church3/21/2024 Although the Descartes family was Roman Catholic, the Poitou region was controlled by the Protestant Huguenots. : 22 René lived with his grandmother and with his great-uncle. Descartes' father, Joachim, was a member of the Parlement of Rennes at Rennes. In May 1597, his mother Jeanne Brochard, died a few days after giving birth to a still-born child. René Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine, Province of Touraine (now Descartes, Indre-et-Loire), France, on 31 March 1596. Life Early life The house where Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine Descartes was also one of the key figures in the Scientific Revolution.Ĭoat of arms of the Descartes family. He is credited as the father of analytic geometry-used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent the Cartesian coordinate system was named after him. ĭescartes' Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Leibniz, Spinoza, and Descartes were all well-versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed to science as well. It was the 17th-century arch-rationalists like Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz who have given the " Age of Reason" its name and place in history. The rise of early modern rationalism-as a systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history-exerted an influence on modern Western thought in general, with the birth of two rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes ( Cartesianism) and Spinoza ( Spinozism). He laid the foundation for 17th-century continental rationalism, later advocated by Spinoza and Leibniz, and was later opposed by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. ĭescartes has often been called the father of modern philosophy, and is largely seen as responsible for the increased attention given to epistemology in the 17th century. The statement has either been interpreted as a logical syllogism or as an intuitive thought. In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul, an early modern treatise on emotions, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic "as if no one had written on these matters before." His best known philosophical statement is " cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am" French: Je pense, donc je suis), found in Discourse on the Method (1637, in French and Latin, 1644) and Principles of Philosophy (1644, in Latin, 1647 in French). Refusing to accept the authority of previous philosophers, Descartes frequently set his views apart from the philosophers who preceded him. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God's act of creation. In his natural philosophy, he differed from the schools on two major points: first, he rejected the splitting of corporeal substance into matter and form second, he rejected any appeal to final ends, divine or natural, in explaining natural phenomena. Many elements of Descartes' philosophy have precedents in late Aristotelianism, the revived Stoicism of the 16th century, or in earlier philosophers like Augustine. Although he served a Protestant state and was later counted as a deist by critics, Descartes was Roman Catholic. Descartes spent much of his working life in the Dutch Republic, initially serving the Dutch States Army, later becoming a central intellectual of the Dutch Golden Age. Mathematics was central to his method of inquiry, and he connected the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra into analytic geometry. René Descartes ( / d eɪ ˈ k ɑːr t/ day- KART or UK: / ˈ d eɪ k ɑːr t/ DAY-kart French: ⓘ Latinized: Renatus Cartesius 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) : 58 was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.
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